Hello everyone, today I am here with another method in language teaching, our method we will discuss today is the Direct Method. Actually, the name of the method gives us some clues, let's take a closer look at this method!
The direct method has a very simple rule: Never translation! Instead of translation and using the student's native language, the meaning is to be conveyed directly in the target language by using demonstration, visual aids, and relia. The most important reason for avoiding using the mother tongue in the classroom is to make students think directly in the target language, without the intervention of the mother tongue. In the Direct Method, language is primarily for speech, it other words, language is primarily spoken, not written. It is argued that reading skills can be improved with speaking practices. The importance is given to pronunciation studies. Vocabulary learning is emphasized over grammar learning. The lessons include some conversational activities, which try to present real contexts that will support students to express themselves and speak as much as possible. Grammar teaching is implicit, there is an inductive grammar teaching. This method states that the purpose of learning the language is communication, and therefore advocates that students need to know how to ask questions and how to answer them. Students are expected to answer questions by making full sentences. Students are allowed to correct themselves when they do wrong. The self-correction technique is used by the teacher who helps students to correct themselves by presenting a choice to the students. It is argued that culture is not only about written literature, but also the geography and cultural attitudes of the target language should be taught to students.
Compared to the Grammar Translation Method, students are a little more active and the students interact with each other more in the Direct Method. Students and teachers are like partners in the lesson. The syllabus is based on situations or topics instead of linguistic structures. When evaluating students, the teacher is concerned with how the students use the target language, not what they know about the target language.
Now let's talk about the techniques used in the Direct Method.
1) Reading Aloud
2) Question and Answer Exercise
The exercise is conducted in the target language by forming full sentences to practice new words and grammatical structures.
3) Getting Students to Self-Correct
The teacher provides students a choice between what they said and an alternative answer.
4) Conversation Practice
The teacher asks a number of questions in the target language to the students and then students ask each other their own questions. It is carried out to practice with grammatical structures.
5) Fill-in-the-blank Exercise
There is no explicit grammar teaching. Students are expected to induce the grammar rule by filling in the blanks.
6) Paragraph Writing
7) Map Drawing
8) Dictation
The teacher reads the passage three times. On first reading, students only listen and the teacher reads the text at normal speed. In the second reading, the teacher reads the text in phrase by phrase and the students try to write down what they hear. In the final reading, the teacher reads again at normal speed and the students check what they have written.
Now let's briefly summarize what we have learned.
*NO TRANSLATION!
*MAKE MEANING CLEAR BY DEMONSTRATING OR USING VISUAL AIDS.
*VOCABULARY IS LEARNED THROUGH USING NEW WORDS IN FULLSENTENCES.
SYLLABUS IS BASED ON SITUATION OR TOPICS.
*TEACHERS AND STUDENTS ARE LIKE PARTNERS.
*THE TEACHER IS DIRECTOR.
*STUDENTS SHOULD THINK DIRECTLY IN TARGET LANGUAGE WITHOUT ANY INTERFERENCE OF THE NATIVE LANGUAGE.
*SPOKEN LANGUAGE > WRITTEN LANGUAGE
*VOCABULARY > GRAMMAR
* SELF-CORRECTION
* PRONUNCIATION TEACHING FROM THE BEGINNING
*INDUCTIVE GRAMMAR TEACHING
We are at the end of this post, I will continue with another method in the next post, take care!
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